Search results for "Liver fluke"
showing 10 items of 30 documents
Domestic pig prioritized in one health action against fascioliasis in human endemic areas: Experimental assessment of transmission capacity and epide…
2021
The Northern Bolivian Altiplano is the human fascioliasis hyperendemic area where the highest prevalences and intensities in humans have been reported. Preventive chemotherapy was implemented in the last ten years. Surveillance showed high human infection and re-infection rates in between the annual triclabendazole monodose treatments. A complementary One Health control action was launched to decrease the infection risk. Among the multidisciplinary axes, there is the need to establish animal reservoir species priorities for a more efficient control. Laboratory and field studies were performed for the first time to assess the Fasciola hepatica transmission capacity of the pig and its potenti…
Distribution of Fasciola hepatica and F. gigantica in the endemic area of Guilan, Iran: Relationships between zonal overlap and phenotypic traits
2015
Fascioliasis is a zoonotic disease emerging in numerous parts of the world. In any endemic area, the characterisation of scenarios and patterns of infection must always be considered the starting point before implementing any control measure. Fascioliasis is a parasitic disease of different epidemiological, pathological and control characteristics depending on the endemic area and the causal agent, Fasciola hepatica and Fasciolagigantica. Classically it has been accepted that F. hepatica is present worldwide, while the distribution of the two species overlaps in many areas of Africa and Asia. Fascioliasis caused by F. hepatica, F. gigantica and intermediate forms is present in Guilan provin…
Fasciola hepatica infection in children actively detected in a survey in rural areas of Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkhawa province, northern Pakis…
2018
Abstract Human fascioliasis is a freshwater snail borne, zoonotic disease caused by Fasciola liver flukes which are widely spread throughout Pakistan and has recently proved to be endemic in humans of the Punjab province. To verify whether fasciolids are also affecting humans outside this province, studies were conducted in four communities comprising rural and urban areas of Mardan district, Khyber Pakhtunkha province, northern Pakistan. Activities comprised two surveys, a coprological one to look for Fasciola infection and another to get information on potential human infection sources and risk factors by means of a questionnaire. Out of 540 subjects of all ages surveyed, only 4 children …
Patterns in Size and Shedding of Fasciola hepatica Eggs by Naturally and Experimentally Infected Murid Rodents
2002
Using samples collected on the island of Corsica, a comparative study was done of the morphometry of Fasciola hepatica eggs shed by cattle and by naturally and experimentally infected murid rodents (wild Mus musculus and Rattus rattus and Rattus norvegicus Wistar laboratory strain). Eggs shed by murids are smaller in size than those shed by naturally infected cattle. A second study analyzed the number of F. hepatica eggs shed in murid feces at different time intervals, i.e., months, days, and 6-hr periods, by the Kato-Katz technique. Both experimentally and naturally infected black rats (R. rattus) were used, and Wistar rats were experimentally infected and included for comparison. The pres…
Impact of fascioliasis reinfection on Fasciola hepatica egg shedding: relationship with the immune-regulatory response.
2019
Abstract Fascioliasis is a disease caused by liver flukes. In human fascioliasis hyperendemic areas, reinfection and chronicity are the norm. Control strategies in humans require the use of egg count techniques to calculate the appropriate treatment dose for colic risk prevention. The present study investigates how fascioliasis reinfection affects liver fluke egg shedding and its relationship with the immune-regulatory response. The experimental design reproduced the usual reinfection/chronicity conditions in human fascioliasis endemic areas and included Fasciola hepatica primo-infected Wistar rats (PI) and rats reinfected at 4 weeks (R4), 8 weeks (R8), 12 weeks (R12), and negative control …
Developmental differences in the uterus of Fasciola hepatica between livestock liver fluke populations from Bolivian highlands and European lowlands
2001
A morphometric study of the uterus area (UA) of Fasciola hepatica adults was carried out with the aid of a computer linked to a stereomicroscopic 3CCD colour video camera using image analysis software. The UA of adult liver flukes found in naturally infected sheep, cattle and pig from the endemic human fascioliasis zone of the northern Bolivian Altiplano highlands was compared with that of flukes found infecting sheep and cattle from Valencia, Spain and cattle from Corsica, France (collectively, European lowlands). Liver fluke UA was examined using an allometric model. A comparison of the allometry of the liver fluke UA in different host species from Bolivia revealed no significant differen…
Comparative infectivity of Fasciola hepatica metacercariae from isolates of the main and secondary reservoir animal host species in the Bolivian Alti…
2000
Fascioliasis due to Fasciola hepatica (Linnaeus, 1758) is an endemic disease on the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where human prevalences and intensities are the highest known, sheep and cattle are the main reservoir hosts, and pigs and donkeys the secondary ones. Investigations were carried out to study the viability of metacercariae experimentally obtained from eggs shed by naturally infected Altiplanic sheep, cattle, pigs and donkeys. A total of 157 Wistar rats were infected with doses of 5, 10, 20 and 150 metacercariae. Metacercariae aged for different number of weeks were used to analyse the influence of age on their viability. The number of worms successfully developed in each rat was …
On the presence and immunoregulatory functions of extracellular microRNAs in the trematode Fasciola hepatica.
2017
Summary Liver flukes represent a paraphyletic group of endoparasitic flatworms that significantly affect man either indirectly due to economic damage on livestock or directly as pathogens. A range of studies have focussed on how these macroscopic organisms can evade the immune-system and live inside a hostile environment such as the mammalian liver and bile-ducts. Recently, microRNAs, a class of short non-coding gene-regulators, have been proposed as likely candidates to play roles in this scenario. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are key players in development and pathogenicity and are highly conserved between metazoans: identical miRNAs can be found in flatworms and mammalians. Interestingly, miRNAs a…
Correlation between egg-shedding and uterus development in Fasciola hepatica human and animal isolates: applied implications
2010
The emission of Fasciola hepatica eggs in faeces is usually subject to oscillations along time in animals as well as humans. Thus, looking for alternative biological markers reflecting eggs shed per gram of faeces (epg) with lower oscillations may be useful. This study analyzes the possible relationship between liver-fluke uterus area and epg. Uterus area (UA) development of adult F. hepatica obtained at different days post infection (dpi) in a Wistar rat model with isolates obtained from cattle, sheep, pigs and humans from the endemic human fascioliasis zone of the Northern Bolivian Altiplano was analyzed and compared with the number of eggs shed per gram of faeces as obtained through the …
Donkey Fascioliasis Within a One Health Control Action: Transmission Capacity, Field Epidemiology, and Reservoir Role in a Human Hyperendemic Area.
2020
A One Health initiative has been implemented for fascioliasis control in a human hyperendemic area for the first time. The area selected for this multidisciplinary approach is the Northern Bolivian Altiplano, where the highest prevalences and intensities in humans have been reported. Within the strategic intervention axis of control activities concerning animal reservoirs, complete experimental studies, and field surveys have been performed to assess the fascioliasis transmission capacity and epidemiological role of the donkey for the first time. Laboratory studies with altiplanic donkey-infecting Fasciola hepatica and altiplanic Galba truncatula snail vector isolates demonstrate that the d…